how are you
"¿Cómo estás?" is the most common way to ask someone how they are doing in Spanish. It is the informal version, derived from the verb "estar" (to be), which refers to temporary states, moods, or conditions rather than permanent traits. You should use this phrase with friends, family, or peers. For a more formal context, such as speaking with a boss or a stranger, you would switch to the formal "usted" form: "¿Cómo está usted?". It is a versatile opening that naturally invites a brief update on one's well-being.
In conversation
Greeting a friend
¡Hola, Juan! ¿Cómo estás?
Hi, Juan! How are you?
¡Hola! Muy bien, ¿y tú?
Hi! Very well, and you?
Using 'tú' (the informal 'you') is standard for friends.
Checking in via text
Oye, ¿cómo estás? Hace tiempo que no hablamos.
Hey, how are you? It's been a while since we talked.
Todo bien por aquí, ¡qué gusto saludarte!
Everything is good here, it's a pleasure to greet you!
Commonly used to initiate a conversation after a period of silence.
Examples
¿Cómo estás hoy?
How are you today?
Dime, ¿cómo estás después de lo que pasó?
Tell me, how are you after what happened?
No he sabido de ti en días, ¿cómo estás realmente?
I haven't heard from you in days, how are you really?
